Paganini History

Niccolo ( or Nicolo ) Paganini
        He was born in Genoa , October 27, 1782 and died in Nice , May 27, 1840 at the age of 57 years . He is a music composer and violinist , viola , and guitar from Italy . He is also one of the most famous violin virtuoso , and is touted as one of the greatest violinists who ever lived in the romantic era , with perfect intonation music and technique is second to none . Although Europe in the eighteenth century had some remarkable violinist , but Barrett could be considered as the only nineteenth-century violin virtuoso .

The following description of the journey of his life :

A. Nicolo Paganini life

        Niccolo Paganini was born in Genoa on October 27, 1782 , by a couple Antonio and Teresa . According to his biographer Peter Lichtenthal , Paganini first learned to play the mandolin was taught by his father when he was 5 years old , then moved to the violin at age seven and began composing music when he was 8 years old . He played the first time in public at the age of 12 years . The days of his youth , he learned from various teachers including Giovanni Servetto and Alessandro Rolla , but he can not master himself along with his success , at the age of 16 he likes gambling and drinking. At that time his career was saved by an unidentified woman , who brought her home where Paganini Paganini to recover from bad habits and re-learn the violin for three years . He also played guitar at that time .
        He re-emerged into the public audience when he was 23 years old , with a music director of Napoleon's sister , Elisa Baciocchi , Princess of Lucca . Not long after he became a legend as a violin mastery is unmatched , with a debut to Milan in 1813 , Vienna in 1828 , and London and Paris in 1831 . Paganini was one of the first to do the tour as a solo artist , without the accompaniment of music players . He became one of the first superstar in a public concert . So that he had become rich and famous as a touring musician , and are unbeaten in terms of luring listeners .
       A wide spread myth about Paganini is that he sold his soul to the devil in exchange for his violin playing techniques , a rumor which he himself was flattered and may be initiated by himself . By the time he was playing music , his eyes will turn to the back so it just looks white . Will be at the way he stood , with thin hair long and matted , and gaunt stature increased the rumors about him . He was so excited to play the ladies swoon and the men fell to sobbing .
        Paganini violin used is known as Cannone Guarnerius , Paganini's the name given to reflect the issuance of the sound cannon . The strings are nearly on a flat surface , the opposite of all the other violin where the strings to form one string bends to avoid another swipe . Thus Paganini to play three or even four strings are easy on the violin . In Paris in 1833 , he ordered a violin concert music of Hector Berlioz , which eventually resulted in Harold in Italy for him , but Paganini never played .
        His health began to decline after he was diagnosed with throat cancer . His illness caused him to lose the ability to speak , but he still played the violin until his death . Last night before his death said that he was still trying to play the violin is not conscious . He died in Nice on May 27, 1840 .

B. Nicolo Paganini orchestra

        Orchestra Paganini assessed polite , straightforward and supportive . Critics say that the music concert using too many words and too dependent to a certain formula : one of the last parts are often replaced with another . During his career , his concert violin section of the deposit itself . Paganini will train orchestra without playing the violin as a whole . On his deathbed , only two have been published . Descendants of Paganini by cleverly issuing one after another , after a lag time of several years . Currently there are six Paganini music concerts that have been published , although the last two missing piece orchestra . Composition which often uses guitars and stringed musical instruments , especially the violin has become part of the standard repertoire .
        Paganini also developed a variety of music for solo violin concert , the way the theme is simple and naive , and variations of alternating lyrics with playing with a fiery passion that makes the listener gaping mouth .


C. Paganini and the development of violin technique

         Although some of the techniques used by Paganini violin has been around in his day , but the development process can be practically lambat.Arcangelo Corelli (1653-1713) is considered the father of violin technique , which was first developed from its original role as an instrument violin accompaniment to a solo instrument . Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) , with his sonata Sonatas and Partitas for solo violin ( BWV 1001-1006 ) have confirmed the ability of polyphony violin . Browsing the greatest violin technique first discovered on 24 caprice Pietro Locatelli ( 1693-1746 ) , who at the time was considered too difficult to play ( now not so difficult anymore ) . The talented violinist at the time on average more concentrated on the development of intonation and friction techniques ( the so-called right- hand techniques by stringed instrument players ) , two branches which are considered the most basic and most important violinists .
         Paganini made ​​a new breakthrough in how to play the violin for the players and songwriters . Music for violin changed drastically since then . Music written Paganini often require techniques that are proven friction penjarian and amaze the audience and challenged player peers . Concert music often uses kombinasistaccat , harmony , pizzicato ( with both hands ) , and a wide musical intervals such as the use of the ten major interval ) . Paganini's music composition is not considered polyphony Eugene Ysaye been criticized that the accompaniment to Paganini's music too like a guitar , the characters lacked musical polyphony . Nevertheless , he is credited develop sound color and instrument color violin to levels never before realized .
        Paganini is capable of playing three octaves across four strings of a violin in one hand range , an ability that seems absurd by today's standards . Eloquence may be caused by Marfan syndrome or Ehlers - Danlos syndrome . Penjariannya techniques , such as harmony playing with two strings , playing octaves ( and the tenth interval ) parallel , and passage by the left hand , is considered almost impossible anymore at this time , but just as an exercise routine for the aspiring violinist . Technical ability to play the violin as high as it can only be done by a handful of players such as Joseph Joachim of Austria and Eugene Ysaye from Belgium to the 24th Paganini Caprice has attracted the attention of many composers . Franz Liszt , Johannes Brahms , Sergei Rachmaninoff , Boris Blacher , Andrew Lloyd Webber and some of them , have written the famous variations according to the theme song .

D. Nicolo Paganini composition list

      24 Caprice , Op.1 - for Solo Violin
No. . 1 in E major ( Arpeggio )
No. . 2 in B minor
No. . 3 in E minor
No. . 4 in C minor
No. . 5 in A minor
No. . 6 in G minor ( Trill )
No. . 7 in A minor
No. . 8 in Es major
No. . 9 in E major ( Hunting )
No. . 10 in G minor
No. . 11 in C major
No. . 12 As a major in
No. . 13 in a major Bes
No. . 14 in Es major
No. . 15 in E minor
No. . 16 in G minor
No. . 17 in Es major
No. . 18 in C major
No. . 19 in Es major
No. . 20 in D major
No. . 21 in A major
No. . 22 in F major
No. . 23 in Es major
No. . 24 in A minor ( Theme con variazioni )

Concerto for Violin No. . 1 , in D major , Op . 6 ( 1817 )
Concerto for Violin No. . 2 , in B minor , Op . 7 ( 1826 )
( La Campanella - ' Small Bel ' )
Concerto for Violin No. . 3 , in E major ( 1830)
Concerto for Violin No. . 4 , in D minor ( 1830)
Concerto for Violin No. . 5 , in A minor ( 1830)
Concerto for Violin No. . 6 , in E minor ( 1815 ? )
the last line completed by another person of unknown identity .

        12 sonatas for violin and guitar , Op . 2 and 3
Op . 2 , No. . 1 in A major
Op . 2 , No. . 2 in C major
Op . 2 , No. . 3 in D minor
Op . 2 , No. . 4 in A major
Op . 2 , No. . 5 in D major
Op . 2 , No. . 6 in A minor
Op . 3 , No. . 1 in A major
Op . 3 , No. . 2 in G major
Op . 3 , No. . 3 in D major
Op . 3 , No. . 4 in A minor
Op . 3 , No. . 5 in A major
Op . 3 , No. . 6 in E minor


E. The work of Nicolo Paganini

Introduction , theme and variations of ' The beautiful Molinara ' ) by Paisiello - Introduction , theme and variations from Paisiello 's ' La bella Molinara ' ( Nel cor più non mi sento )
Introduction and variations by theme ' Cenerentola " by Rossini - Introduction and variations on a theme from Rossini 's ' Cenerentola ' (Non più mesta )
Introduction and variations according to the theme of ' Moses ' by Rossini - Introduction and variations on a theme from Rossini 's ' Moses ' ( Dal tuo stellato Soglio )
Introduction and variations according to the theme of ' Tancredi ' by Rossini - Introduction and variations on a theme from Rossini 's ' Tancredi ' ( Di tanti palpiti )
Magnificent Sonata sentimental ( Variation of Austrian National Anthem ) - Maestoso sonata sentimentale ( Variations on the Austrian National Anthem )
Variations of the UK National Anthem - Variations on God Save the King
Other works :
1 . I Palpiti
2 . Perpetuela ( Sonata Movimento Perpetuo )
3 . La Primavera
4 . Theme from " Witches ' ​​Dance " ( theme song by song " Dance of the Necromancer " )
5 . Variazioni con Sonata Sonata Militaire ( Military Sonata Sonata with variations )
6 . Napoleon Sonata
7 . Variations , Le Streghe
8 . Cantabile in D major
9 . Moto Perpetuo in C major
10 . Romanze in A minor
11 . Tarantella in A minor
12 . Grand sonata for violin and guitar , in A major
13 . Sonata in C minor for viola
14 . Sonata for solo violin in C
15 . 12 Quartet for Violin , Guitar , Viola , and Cello , Op.4
       No. . 1 in A minor
       No. . 2 in C major
       No. . 3 in A major
       No. . 4 in D major
       No. . 5 in C major
       No. . 6 in D major
       No. . 7 in E major
       No. . 8 in A major
       No. . 9 in D major
       No. . 10 in A major
       No. . 11 in B major
       No. . 12 in A minor
       No. . 13 in F minor
       No. . 14 in A Major
16 . Paganini was also a guitar virtuoso , he has written more than 200 music for guitar .

F. Inspired by the work of Nicole Pagiani

1 . Arban - The Carnival of Venice ( Carnival of Venice ) .
2 . Boris Blacher - Variations on a Theme of Paganini ( Theme by Paganini Variations ) - based on the theme of the 24th Caprice .
3 . Johannes Brahms - Paganini Variations , Op.35 ( Paganini Variations ) - for piano solo ( 2 books 1862-63 ) , based on the 24th Caprice theme
4 . Frédéric Chopin - Souvenir de Paganini ( In memory of Paganini ) - for solo piano ( 1829, after the death ) .
5 . Franz Lehar - Paganini - opera fiction of Paganini ( 1925).
Franz Liszt - Six Grandes Études de Paganini , S.141 ( Lessons Famous Paganini ) - for solo piano ( 1851) .
6 . Andrew Lloyd Webber - Variations for cello and orchestra , ( Variations for cello and orchestra ) - originally written for cello and rock band .
Andrew Lloyd Webber - Variations ( Variations ) ) - based on the theme of the 24th Caprice , for cello and jazz band / rock .
Andrew Lloyd Webber - Song & Dance ( Song & Dance ) - The dance piece is a reworking version of Variations .
7 . Robert Schumann - Studies after Caprices by Paganini , Op.3 ( Lessons from Paganini Caprice ) - for piano ( 1832 ) ; 6 Concert Studies on Caprices by Paganini , Op.10 ( 6 Lessons Concerts to Paganini Caprice ) - for piano ( 1833 ) .
8 . Karol Szymanowski - Trois Caprices de Paganini , Op.40 ( Paganini Caprice Three ) - written for violin and piano ( 1918) .